· consumption of about 6.8 million metric tons of concrete, 1.5 million metric tons of steel, 310,000 metric tons of cast iron, 40,000 metric tons of copper, and 380 metric tons of the rare-earth element neodymium. With the exception of neodymium, these material requirements represent less than 3 percent of the U.S. apparent consumption for 2008.
Semin Park. Min Ki Kim. Sang Won Yoon. This paper presents an improved package design of an inverter power module specialized for the 48V starter- generator used in 48V mild hybrid vehicles. The
· The Copper Development Association Inc. (CDA) is the market development, engineering and information services arm of the copper industry, chartered to enhance and expand markets for copper and its alloys in North America. CDA's website is an excellent resource for information about copper, copper alloys, and their many uses and benefits.
Wärtsilä’s shaft generator systems are designed with PWM frequency converters using modern IGBT technology. An additional synchronous compensator is no longer needed to generate the reactive power or the short circuit current, and is not required for the voltage control or for the filter circuits in order to lower the harmonics to admissible levels.
· FAVI S.A., Hallencourt, France, produces die-cast copper rotors for use by other motor manufacturers. Copper-rotor motors have a dramatic increase in motor efficiency. Copper Fact 15. The new motor rotor die-casting technology reduces heat loss and increases motor efficiency by 1.2-1.7 percentage points over motors using traditional aluminum rotors.
• Industrial waste • Solid recovered fuel (SRF) • Plastic waste The ADuro S is a single shaft shredder with a rotor width of up to 3,200 mm and capable of handling very large capacities, thus ideal for processing waste streams, like RDF, SRF, MSW as well as commercial and Industrial waste.
· National Aeronautics and Space Administration Preliminary Design of the Superconducting Rotor for NASA’s High-Efficiency Megawatt Motor 3 • Sized for generator of NASA’s STARC-ABL concept • Wound-field synchronous machine • Tolerant of stator fault • Superconducting rotor • Negligible energy loss • Very strong magnetic excitation NASA’s High-Efficiency Megawatt Motor (HEMM)
· energy recycling rate is about 1.32%. Therefore the input parameter of the power turbine could be set as shown in Table 2. 2.2 1D Calculation The expansion ratio of the power turbine is about 3.75, which is low to a radial turbine. Thus, the subsonic guide vane was utilized to improve aerodynamic performance of the stator and the
· Key words Waste heat recovery, turbine design, marine diesel engine, CFX, aerodynamic analysis. 1. Introduction With the rising of fuel price and the increasing voice of global energy saving and emission reduction, a more efficient and convenient energy recycling method is deadly needed. According to the statistics,
· As a 90% recycling rate has been assumed for steel or iron due to a large proportion being left in situ, it has been assumed that a 90% recycling rate for copper would be too low considering all copper waste covered within this study is available. A 95% recycling rate has, therefore, been assumed here, in alignment with Martínez et al. .
Axial flux machines are characterized by the rotor/stator The stator iron losses are about 7 times lower for the considered GO compared to the NO material. Textile waste recycling machinery.
Henan Yongrong Silicon Steel Punching Co. Ltd founded in 2009 located in south of Weiwu Road Changge City is a professional manufacturer specializing in the R D and production of stator rotor lamination and iron core for motors and generators.The main products of our company are stator rotor and segment lamination for IE2 IE3 IE4 series of high efficiency and premium efficiency
· This mixture was sucked by the rotating generator of HC (2), at a flow rate of 390 L/h, and subjected to controlled cavitation and discharged into the stirred collector tank (3). The rotor-stator type HC reactor is a commercially available unit designed by E-PIC S.r.l. (Turin, Italy).
pollution produced up to waste product and recycling. Waste a higher core and magnet weight and a lower copper weight. it is necessary to investigate the influence of stator and rotor pole
· In this work, a novel rotor-stator type generator of HC has been efficiently used to produce high quality biodiesel and has given dramatic process intensification. The process entails only two fast passages in the HC reactor with an average residence time of 10 s each. Whereas orifices may become clogged by impurities in conventional HC reactors, this system favours the flow of the suspension
· Usually, the HTS machine has an air-core (i.e. non-magnetic) construction on the rotor and no iron teeth in the stator, enabling the air-gap field to be increased without the core-loss and saturation problems inherent in laminated-iron stator and rotor cores. The copper armature winding is placed adjacent to the air-gap.
· the U.S. apparent consumption for 2008. Recycled material could supply about 3 percent of the total steel required for wind turbine production from 2010 through 2030, 4 percent of the aluminum required, and 3 percent of the copper required. The data suggest that, with the possible exception of rare-
In the past few years, triboelectric nanogenerator-based (TENG-based) hybrid generators and systems have experienced a widespread and flourishing development, ranging among almost every aspect of our lives, e.g., from industry to consumer, outdoor to indoor, and wearable to implantable applications. Although TENG technology has been extensively investigated for mechanical energy harvesting
· 1. Composite materials for wind turbines. Wind energy is nowadays one of the energy sources with the fastest growth rate and it can thus represent a valuable and economically sustainable solution to the problems of the shortage of fossil fuels and of the climate change [].Basing on recent IRENA's report, in the last twenty years the worldwide wind power installed (both onshore and offshore
Design, Construction and Testing of Generator for Hydropower Plant. After stamping by press machine, rotor iron cores (laminated iron sheets) are purified by dilute nitric acid. (4) Winding of
· We usually use copper to wind our electric motors because it has much lower electrical resistance than alternative materials such as aluminum. Low winding resistance translates directly to less waste heat, thus improving energy efficiency and advantageously reducing the motors operating temperature”.
· An overview of copper's role in helping three emerging motor technologies become more efficient. Industry experts, motor manufacturers and end users all contribute to provide the reader with factual information that should be of interest to those working with and purchasing motors.
· TLower Fuel Consumption Predicted 5% improvement TControlling Boost enables strategies for reducing transient Particulate Emissions TLower CO 2 due to lower Fuel Consumption TPotential for enhanced Engine Braking with Control of Boost FEATURES No Mechanical Coupling between Turbo and Crankshaft Flexibility in Turbo Operation Provides Turbo-Assist
· Copper Facts Copper the Metal Copper Fact 1. Copper is a mineral and an element essential to our everyday lives. It is a major industrial metal because of its high ductility, malleability, thermal and electrical conductivity and resistance to corrosion.
· The market evolution from DFIG towards DD-PMG will bring about an increase in the use of copper, due to the larger size of the generator a 3-MW DFIG has approximately 800 kg of copper per MW (Ancona and Mc Veigh, 2001, Martínez et al., 2009, Vestas, 2009) which can be compared with 2.1 t/MW (Frost and Sullivan, 2010) in the case of a 3.3-MW
· The primary use of copper in wind energy technologies is in the coil windings in the stator and rotor portions of the generator, in the high-voltage power cable conductors, and in the transformer coils. Copper is vital to the electrical grounding system for wind turbine farms.
· It is claimed that an HTS generator offers another advantage over the PMG, namely that the peak power consumed by the cryogenics of a DD-HTS generator is a fraction of the normal losses in a conventional rotor, and significantly lower than the heating effects on magnets . This would give the HTS rotor the highest possible efficiency and additional earnings over the lifetime of the machine.
Design, Construction and Testing of Generator for Hydropower Plant. After stamping by press machine, rotor iron cores (laminated iron sheets) are purified by dilute nitric acid. (4) Winding of
· fuel oils, district heating, coal and coke etc.) water consumptions and waste water, emissions to air and waste production. The energy used includes both manufacturing and on-site office activities. The emissions to air from the use of paints and solvents are included, however related consumption of the varnishes and paints are excluded.
· leads to low copper consumption due to short end-windings. Moreover, it employs the feature of independent electric and magnetic circuits among phases so to offer the possibility of independent control and operation among phases [5]. (a) (b) (c) Fig.5. Simple diagram of a 3-phase FSPMM with 12/10 (stator/rotor) poles [4]. (a) The whole structure.
· The hermetic structure of the cooling system of the generator comprises directly water-cooled stator core windings and a water-cooled rotor structure. The direct water cooling of the stator windings is achieved by using a construction where a brass tube acting as a cooling channel is placed at a center of the copper conductors.
· 4. The Turbine. Make a 6mm hole through the cork (make sure the hole is centered), fix again the geometrical position of the spoons and add some hot glue to each spoon to secure it. 5. Generator body and Final Assembly. Find a plastic tank or a bottle to attach the rotor, the stator
· The new generator is a direct drive AFPM generator for a 300 W class small wind turbine. Permanent magnets are attached to the rotor in an alternating form of N-S, and the AFPM generator is manufactured by keeping the rotor, air gap, and stator at a constant interval. The rotor connected directly to the blades of the wind turbine serves to